Infections of the mucous membrane of the oral cavity in HIV-infected patients.
Individuals VIL/SNID suffer from numerous problems caused by oral diseases. Stinks are most often associated with opportunistic infections, swellings that lead to injury. mucous membrane, empty mouth, stains, nasties, unpleasant odor, dry mouth..
In addition to drug treatment for the most common problems, nutrition and oral hygiene play an important role, which include:
- applied to the teeth, tongue, and soft palate;
- rinsing empty mouth with grub soda after eating and before bedtime - one teaspoon of grub soda per bottle of water;
- pain relief from local anesthetics. For this purpose, dispense 2 aspirin tablets in a bottle of water, and leave this mixture for rinsing 4 times a day;
- baked food with delicious and rare grub products and herbs, special products that are easy to tamper with;
- if there is dryness in the mouth, let the patient often drink a small amount of radish, periodically chew the mucous membrane of the mouth, let the patient soak small ice cubes, pieces of fruit - pineapple, citrus;
- turn off hot herbs, spicy foods - pepper, from food.
Diarrhea in HIV-infected people.
Diarrhea- Frequent voiding at least 3 times per day - often occurs in VIL-positive individuals, especially in those who have opportunistic infections that affect the intestinal tract. The causes of diarrhea, in addition to opportunistic infections, may also include lactose intolerance, which is often expected in HIV-positive individuals, and side effects from taking antiviral medications and antibiotics. in ta in. It may also be caused by impaired enzymatic function.
What to do when monitoring a patient with diarrhea:
- if the patient is constantly in bed, after skin bowel movement, go to the toilet and change the whiteness;
- If a sign of skin irritation appears in the area, treat the affected area with baby cream, Vaseline or boiled olive oil;
- give the sick man drink to compensate for the loss of health;
- Provide food for the sick often, in small portions;
- include milk, legumes, fresh fruits and vegetables, fatty herbs, lubricated meat and vegetable products, chocolate;
- in food you should eat nutmeg, which calms intestinal motility and reduces the frequency of bowel movements; Dispense a tablespoon of starch into ½ bottle and give it to the sick person to drink;
— medicinal treatment includes 2 capsules of loperamide, followed by one capsule after the skin act of defecation;
- contact the doctor if the patient has vomiting, fever, and rarely vomits blood.
It’s boring and vomiting in patients with HIV/AIDS.
Nudota represents the unpleasant sensations that are often associated with vomit; It is often accompanied by anemia, tachycardia, heart problems, and shortness of breath. Nudota and vomiting is tolerated by the patient as painfully and as important as diarrhea. Puke positive are rhythmic spastic movements of the diaphragm and masses of the cervical wall, as a rule, which result from the ashes of boredom. The stench can completely overwhelm vomit and chew it.
Vomit with a removal mechanism instead of the plug. Patients with HIV/AIDS have nausea and vomiting may be considered opportunistic infections or as a result of damage to the nervous system, swelling processes localized in the gut tract (lymphoma, Kaposi's sarcoma), or as side effects of medication ї therapy, incl. antiretroviral.
What you need to do when monitoring a patient due to tedium and vomiting:
- go to the doctor at least once, because vomiting lasts for more than 24 years, because the patient is careful about severe dryness in the mouth, incl. dryness of the tongue, scantiness of the muscles, severe pain in the abdominal area;
- Ensure that the sick person is fed frequently, in small portions of solid and rare liquids, and given drinks at short intervals;
- give the sick person food and grub products that provide benefits and require minimal pain and vomiting;
- Ventilate the area before bathing the patient;
- quiet, calm music, a favorite radio or TV show can cause a sick patient to feel sick;
- Introduce patients to soak ice cubes, lemon slices, mint zucchini;
- do not force a sick person to eat, as it is not good for anyone;
- the patient should eat cold herbs in small portions, without strong spices or aromatic additives;
- turn off fatty hedgehogs and lubricated herbs from food;
- at the hour of vomiting, help the sick person to lie down manually on his side, as he is constantly in a supine position, or to recover, as he is sitting; quilt so that the vomit does not get into the vomit, which can cause asphyxia;
- Depending on the reasons, medication will be prescribed by the doctor in the form of an injection or a suppository.
Back and cough in patients with HIV infection, SNID. 
Butt is characterized by subjective symptoms of difficulty breathing, which are not related to physical exercises, which urge the patient to take a manual position for breathing and sharply reduce physical activity.
The buttock is an unacceptable symptom, which is often accompanied by hair loss, which in its own way strengthens and reinforces its manifestation.
Patients with HIV/AIDS have shortness of breath and cough may be caused by bacterial pneumonia or pneumonia caused by Carine's pneumocystis, tuberculosis, Kaposi's sarcoma.
What you need to do when monitoring a patient with symptoms of shortness of breath and cough:
- place the patient in a hand-held position for relief, as a rule - sit him up, placing his hands in front of him on the table, or placing 1-2 pillows behind his back;
- Place a container with a lid for spitting out sputum in a handy, accessible place for the sick person; periodically remove mucus into the toilet, rinse and disinfect the bowl;
- soak up the throat in the area where you are sick, which prevents the appearance of dryness when breathing and relieves coughing. Periodically ventilate areas where you are sick;
Carrying through HIV infection - 3.2 out of 5 based on 11 votes
VIL is an infection of the body with a retrovirus, which progressively weakens chemical functions and causes immunodeficiency syndrome. This is due to the onset of immunodeficiency. Immunodeficiency develops due to the fact that the virus attacks the cells of the immune system – T-lymphocytes, which survive the influx of the virus and die. VIL infects the organism at the cellular level.
Zmist:
Having entered the body, the virus spreads into the tissue of the nervous and herbal systems, meat tissue, mucous membranes and remains there until the next moment, without manifesting itself. This period is called incubation if a person does not suspect that they are sick, although they are already infected. The incubation period can last for many months at a time. Some virus molecules penetrate the blood and attack T-lymphocytes. Over the course of the year, the number of cells that support the body’s dry system becomes less, as a result of which the person’s immunity weakens and the body becomes susceptible to various viral and bacterial illnesses. Once sick, the disease transforms into the most dangerous stage, called SNID, when the body completely stops fighting the pathogenic substance.
Symptoms of VIL
VIL infection has a number of stages of development and has its own characteristic signs for the skin.
1. The incubation stage is a period when the disease cannot be diagnosed by external signs and is subject to laboratory investigations. Once in the blood, the virus does not manifest itself in any way until it penetrates into the cell.
2. After the immune cells are damaged by the virus, antibodies are produced, and the first signs of illness begin to appear. This stage, called grief, is characterized by the appearance of offensive signs:
- lymph nodes on the neck and in the groin depressions will become larger;
- pharyngitis develops;
- symptoms of colds appear, GRVI - headache, sore throat, annoying undead and cough, body temperature rises, fever and chills appear;
- there is a sizzling appearance on the skin and mucous membranes;
- there may be an enlargement of the spleen and swelling of the liver;
- there is tediousness, vomiting, diarrhea;
- You feel restless and sleep is disturbed.
3. The offensive stage of HIV infection is called latent. All symptoms characteristic of the acute stage disappear, and illness does not appear, due to larger lymph nodes. The severity of this period is obvious, in some cases the latent stage can last up to twenty or more years, but it depends on the person’s way of life and their immune system.
4. The period of second illness is characterized by the development of various infectious illnesses, oncology, psychological disorders due to damage to the nervous system, loss of vaga from severe diarrhea.
5. The remaining stage is called SNID or thermal period, if the lungs, blood, brain and other organs and systems of a person are ill, which develop due to immunodeficiency, develop irreversible consequences, and Rejoicing brings little results.
Causes of carrying with HIV infection
Carryover is the name given to partial, rare emptying, which is a characteristic sign of HIV infection. The reasons for the rare emptying are the people who are admitted to sick people on SNID. Such drugs include antibacterial agents to suppress the virus, Videx, Abacavir. Although the stench directly reduces the symptoms of illness, the herbal tract absorbs them as they are expelled, as a result, the self-defense mechanism is turned on, resulting in rare emptying, with which the intestines are encouraged to remove toxins from the body. Moreover, antibiotics destroy the microflora of the intestinal tract, causing dysbacteriosis. Diarrhea caused by these drugs can last a distressing hour, and sometimes accompany a person throughout the entire period of treatment.
The cause of transmission in VIL is often caused by various viral (rotavirus, adenovirus, enterovirus) and bacterial (dysentery, salmonellosis and others) infections, the development of any abnormalities and weakening of the chemical functions of the body. zmu. Viruses and bacteria penetrate the grass tract, as a result of their vitality, open the body, cause the intestinal walls and pouches to burn, and diarrhea begins. In addition, it can lead to disruption of metabolic processes, disruption of the fermentation of enzymes of the liver, scutes, and subducts, which also causes rare emptying. When the virus spreads, immunodeficiency develops or inflames a lot of inflammatory diseases of the organs, causing the spread - Crohn's disease, colitis, gastritis, intestinal and colonic ulcers, which are often accompanied by bleeding. Therefore, a rare emptying during diarrhea can carry out particles of blood or turn into a black color.
Another cause of diarrhea during HIV infection is individual intolerance to milk protein - lactase deficiency. This illness can be either born or cured by taking a large number of medications. A variety of allergens that are present in hedgehogs, wind, and hands can trigger the appearance of rare bowel movements. Even the immunodeficiency virus can cause the development of an allergy that was not previously prevented.
What remedies against diarrhea can be mistaken for VIL
Diarrhea often accompanies people infected with the immunodeficiency virus. You have to put up with this illness because you have been forced to take life-changing medications. This does not mean that treatment for diarrhea is not necessary; it is necessary to alleviate its symptoms, since it is often rare for the body to be emptied. But you can force the camp of a VIL-infected person.
Treatment of rare empties with VIL is believed to be the same as for any type of diarrhea in a patient who is sick in a row. As a drink, drink herbal infusions, rosehip tea, chamomile, St. John's wort, as well as berry compotes, jelly, apple and lingonberry juices. For the treatment of diarrhea caused by drugs taken for HIV infection, the following drugs are prescribed:
- Imodium – two capsules after skin discharge.
- Benefits of using calcium instead (especially necessary when taking Nelfinavir) will reduce the volume of your stomach.
- Products (tablets) based on oatmeal, for example, the drug Solgar. Their work is aimed at removing the grain from the intestines and enhancing the process of stool removal.
It is necessary to take precautions against diarrhea when taking medications several years before taking them.
People with VIL infection need to continue to eat their diet, because the least amount of herbal tract can provoke diarrhea or make it worse. Particularities of diet for HIV include the need to include foods that will relieve the symptoms of diarrhea before starting the diet. Before such products, place porridge in water from rice and oatmeal, bananas, apple juice, applesauce, baked apples, croutons, boiled potatoes. It is recommended to include nutmeg in the diet, which may help increase the penetration of hedgehogs into the herbal tract.
During the pre-natal period, children need to exclude from the diet certain food products, such as stretching the intestinal walls and preventing passage or calling for their appearance. These are hot, smoked, fatty and greased herbs, kava, chocolate and other malts, milk, sparkling water, raw-looking vegetables and fruits, as well as citrus juices.
For patients with VIL, it is necessary to create a special menu that includes proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals. The amount of living elements in diarrhea is due to decreases, which is caused by a decrease in intestinal absorption due to the fluid drainage of liquid. As a result, it is necessary to eat meat, fish, especially boiled and mashed potatoes. Most carbohydrates are found in oatmeal, rice, wheat and semolina, and pasta. Fruits and vegetables mainly contain vitamins, so they may be present in the diet. It is important to remember that you can only eat bananas and a few grated apples for the poor. The fruit and vegetable crops need to be grown after thermal processing, so there is a lot of cellulose in the intestines, as the Swede says.
It is very important to eat more often when you are rarely hungry, otherwise the portion may shorten. These are just the basic recommendations for prevention and prevention of diarrhea in cases of HIV/AIDS. Before cooking, please consult with a specialist who has an individual menu with the most natural ingredients.
Carry-over in VIL-positive people is most often blamed on weakened immunity, which allows representatives of mentally-pathogenic flora to multiply in the intestines. Diarrhea with VIL indicates a serious illness that affects the patient’s intestines.
Pathogenic and mentally pathogenic microorganisms multiply in the intestines, and people often suffer from nausea and develop acute or chronic diarrhea syndrome. The cause of the disorder may be the side effects of medications that the patient takes.
Symptoms
The development of HIV infection occurs in several stages. The incubation period passes without any symptoms. The patient has daily signs of infection with immunodeficiency viruses.
When immune cells are stressed, the patient’s body begins to produce antibodies, which leads to an increase in lymph nodes. A person may begin to suffer from poisoning disorder, because the body’s chemical strength decreases, and they are unable to resist the influx of mentally pathogenic flora.
Reason
Rare stupor is an unacceptable symptom from which many HIV-infected patients suffer. Speeches that enter the warehouse of drugs that treat illnesses can provoke discord in the treatment.
Patients who suffer from VIL should be prescribed Videx and Abacavir. Antibacterial drugs are needed to suppress the infection and increase the impact of the immunodeficiency virus. If the patient is taking other antiretroviral drugs, they may also cause chronic or acute diarrhea. These include nelfinavir, saquinavir, didanosine, lopinavir and others.
However, their failure leads to the point where the etching system becomes prone to wasted components. Diarrhea in VIL is due to the use of antibacterial drugs intended to prolong the life of the patient.
Lead until the intestinal microflora is destroyed. The patient suffers from dysbacteriosis and diarrhea. Symptoms of poisoning disorder may appear throughout the entire healing period.
Various viral and bacterial infections can provoke the spread. This development is due to the fact that the body cannot fight rotavirus or adenovirus.
Salmonella and dysentery pathogens begin to actively multiply in the patient’s body. The increase in the number of pathogenic microorganisms is accompanied by the presence of a large number of toxins that penetrate through various fabrics. People begin to experience inflammation of the mucous membranes and intestines. The transfer does not occur for many months. It turns into a chronic form and disrupts the functioning of all body systems.
This is indicated on the etching system. Due to the immunodeficiency virus, the patient develops acute illness of various organs and poisoning. The patient develops bleeding, which is accompanied by crooked passage.
The cause of diarrhea may be individual intolerance through lactose deficiency. Moreover, taking medications does not increase milk protein intolerance. When a sign of disorder appears, the poisoning provokes a variety of allergens that are present in the world.
The vipad has a vipad, Yakshcho at Patziynta Vil-Infectziyu, Kampіlobacter, Viklikaka Dіarayu, then in the nye vinica of the rid Viporozhnnya, and the doskiye blood on Tli Likhomanka. Since viral enteritis is associated with aerobic clostridium difficile, which is the cause of pseudomembranous colitis, in which type diarrhea often turns into a chronic form.
This type of intestinal strain occurs in approximately 30% of HIV-infected patients, in whom carry-over is expected. It is important to know that the criterion for the transition of HIV infection to the stage of SNID is, in particular, the appearance of chronic infrequent diarrhea, when diarrhea occurs, at a minimum, two days a day for a month this and more. This fact speaks of the irreversible decline in the immune forces of the body. In some cases, the disease is caused by cryptosporidiosis, associated with HIV infection, cytomegalovirus infections, and dysenteric amoeba.
Dysenteric amoeba develops in approximately 3% of all patients infected with HIV. This causes symptoms of colitis, crooked bowel movements and abdominal cramps. In some cases, the cause of HIV infection in HIV-infected patients at the stage of SDI is basic lamblia, which often occurs in children. When a rare emptying occurs due to a lack of absorption of living substances in the small intestine, abdominal bloating and flatulence appear.
If no thirst is detected, then a diagnosis of non-pathogenic idiopathic chronic diarrhea is made. This syndrome occurs in 30% of patients with IL-infection at the stage of SID, who have passed without any symptoms, but nothing has been detected in them. In this situation, frequent emptying occurs in small portions, and bathing is effective in ways that stimulate intestinal peristalsis.
Diagnostics
The main methods for diagnosing diarrhea in HIV-infected individuals are diarrhea detection methods, x-ray examination and endoscopic diagnostic methods.
X-ray examination may be possible, but in case of symptoms of pseudomembranous colitis, computer tomography can be performed. The method is being used to increase the thickness of the walls of the colon, which is a sign of colitis
Some patients who suffer from chronic diarrhea should be referred for colonoscopy. Endoscopic examination methods, such as colonoscopy, will be the most informative for cytomegalovirus infection, Kaposi's sarcoma and various types of lymphomas.
The cause of the disorder may be inflammation, which is due to infection with cytomegalovirus. For the treatment of such patients, ganciclovir is prescribed. This drug is effective against various infections that affect the patient’s intestines due to HIV infection.
Why are the intestines affected by HIV infection in patients?
The flora, for example, causes salmonella and dysentery, is not particularly dangerous because it is pathogenic. The patient begins to develop fever and dizziness. Salmonella is accompanied by a sharp loss of fat and milkiness. Intestinal infections are more difficult for HIV-positive patients and can be very severe.
Some people suffer from cryptosporidiosis. The disease is caused by the simplest microorganisms that infect the human intestines.
Cryptosporidial diarrhea is considered one of the signs of the development of SID. Rare emptying lasts for several months and leads to the loss of your body. Significantly, illness can be obtained with the help of laboratory investigations.
The cause may be enterocolitis, which is often blamed for immunodeficiency. Patients experience rare emptying of blood. Perforation and defects of the mucous membrane are a bad thing to worry about. The patient's body can be assessed using colonoscopy and sigmoidoscopy.
How do we get sick with HIV infection and take care of it?
We are sick and have to put up with the manifestations of HIV infection. To combat the virus, they have to continuously take expensive medications.
To ensure that the disorder does not cause the body to become severely ill, it is necessary to provide generous amounts of food to the sick person. You can replenish the shortage of radish in the body by drinking herbal infusions and infusions. The ruling powers make tea from chamomile, rosemary and St. John's wort. Berry juices are good in gammon.
To normalize the work of the herbal system, you can speed up. The patient should take 2 capsules after skin discharge. You can get rid of the symptoms of diarrhea by starting to take pills based on oatmeal (Solgar).
Diet when carrying
VIL-infected patients are subject to reduced spillage of the herbal system. The menu of such patients will likely include products that will change the flow of food. Before your diet you need to include the following herbs:
I'll eat oatmeal or rice porridge to help relieve the negative influx of toxins. The patient is prevented from eating raw vegetables and fruits, as the stink fragments stimulate the intestines.
The culprit is bananas, which contribute to the normalization of the work of the etching organs. Avoid bitter, licorice herbs that destroy the mucous membrane.
Until the symptoms subside, it is possible to carry smoked meats, fatty and lubricated products. You can carry it through gas stations and fast food.
Medicinal treatment of diarrhea in HIV-infected patients is due to its cause. When acute diarrhea is caused by medications, it is necessary to either adjust their dosage or stop symptomatic therapy. For Campylobacter infection, treatment standards include fluoroquinolones, such as Ciprofloxacin or Azithromycin.
If Campylobacter is detected by blood culture, aminoglycoside antibiotics are added. The initial course of treatment for mild diarrhea is a week, and for the presence of bacteria - at least 2 days. If a patient has diarrhea caused by aerobic clostridia, he or she may need supportive therapy, rehydration, as well as drugs that inhibit peristalsis. For idiopathic diarrhea, various fluoroquinolones are used, for amoebic or lambliatic diarrhea, Metronidazole or Tinidazole is prescribed.
Prevention
VIL-positive patients should receive a negative infusion of drugs. If you have a diarrhea, you should consult a doctor. Laboratory tests may be necessary to determine the cause of diarrhea. The cause of the disorder may be a variety of pathogenic flora, harmless to healthy people, which actively multiply in the weakened body of the sick person.
Diarrhea and wasting of vaginal fluid due to HIV infection. VIDEO
One of the most dangerous illnesses of this century is VIL, which comes with a lot of unpleasant symptoms, one of which is diarrhea. With VIL infection, the veins are often accompanied by nausea and abdominal pain. First of all, we should say how to treat these unacceptable manifestations with kindness and explain the reasons for their guilt.
Diarrhea and vomiting during HIV infection may result from the congestion of fluids intended to support the body in optimal performance during the final hour. We are talking about antibiotics and inhibitors of serum transcriptase and protease. Their harmful effect on the organs of the herbal system leads to the development of dysbacteriosis. For these reasons, patients live with pain. VIL is often harassed in this way.
However, in most cases of overindulgence, signs appear if people do not yet suspect that they have such a terrible illness. And here the reason for the development of symptoms is weakened immunity. Please pay attention to those who have diarrhea that does not appear for a long time without any particular reason, which may be a sign of a dangerous virus.
Those that are carried behind the VIL must remain in the body’s body. The style of this type can be either rare or harmful. The number of empty assets may also vary. Tiredness, vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal pain with VIL can occur for many years to many months. The stench appears all at once. So, some patients may have only diarrhea, while others may have severe attacks of fatigue.
It is important to know that the presence of spasms, which lead to vomiting and discomfort, with such illness is often a result of a psychosomatic reaction and damage to the central nervous system.
Treatment of these symptoms in infected patients may be carried out under the close supervision of a doctor. Diarrhea and vomiting lead to the body becoming sick. To maintain normal water-salt balance, it is necessary to take Regidron and its analogues according to the instructions. For prevention and replenishment of minerals in the body, patients are also prescribed vitamin complexes and supplements that replenish calcium storage. Immediate treatment of VIL symptoms: diarrhea, vomiting and abdominal pain, is carried out with the help of antidiarrheals, antispasmodics and intestinal antiseptics. In the event of excessively severe symptoms, if the distressing hour does not pass, it is necessary to urgently seek help from the doctor.
1. Temperature
One of the first signs of ARS may be an increase in temperature up to 38 degrees. Fever is often accompanied by symptoms such as: swelling, swollen lymph nodes, sore throat. At this stage, the virus begins to penetrate the blood and grows, and the temperature is a reaction of the immune system.
2. Vtoma
The response of the immune system to inflammation can make you feel sick and sick, and can appear both at the beginning of illness and in later stages.
3. Pain in lumps, flesh, swelling of lymphatic nodes.
ARS is often mistaken for influenza, mononucleosis, or another viral infection, such as syphilis and hepatitis. It’s not surprising: a lot of symptoms are avoided, including pain in the joints and muscles and swelling of the lymph nodes.
Lymphatic nodes are part of the immune system of your body, and they are lit to indicate infection in the body; many lymphatic nodes are found in the area of the groin recesses, neck, and neck.
4. Sore throat and headache
Like other symptoms, a sore throat and headache can often be recognized as a symptom of ARS only in combination with other symptoms.
5. Skin visip
Hypnosis can appear both in the early stages and in the later stages of HIV/AIDS.
6. Nudota, vomiting, carrying
Here, between 30% and 60% of people experience frequent nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea in the early stages of IL, and symptoms may also result from antiretroviral therapy or from opportunistic infection.
7. Waste of vagina
Loss of vagina is a sign of progress in illness, which may result in frequent severe diarrhea.
If you waste more than 10% of your vaginal fluid in a month, you have weakness, diarrhea, and fever. semolina.
8. Dry cough
Dry cough. What worries a bunch of people may be a sure sign of VIL.
10. Night sweating
50% of patients with VIL experience severe nighttime sweating in the early stages of VIL infection.
11. Changing the nail plate
Another sign of HIV infection is a change in the nails: thickening, splitting, change in pigmentation, the appearance of depressions or bulges. It is often caused by a fungal infection, such as candida. Due to weakened immunity, people with HIV are more susceptible to fungal infections.
12. Yeast infections
Another fungal infection that occurs in the later stages of VIL is stomatitis and thrush, caused by a type of yeast called candida, which increases the type of fungus. The infection usually occurs in the mouth.
13. Confusion of mind and complexity of concentration
Cognitive problems may be a sign of VIL associated with dementia, which leads to illness. In addition to the mental confusion and difficulty concentrating associated with SIDs, dementia can cause memory problems and behavioral problems such as anger and twitchiness.
Vaughn can flow into the Rukhov sphere: people become inflexible, due to lack of coordination, problems with tasks that require fine motor skills, such as writing by hand.
14. Herpes or genital herpes
Herpes (oral herpes) and genital herpes can be identified as ARS and later stages of HIV infection. It is easier for people who have herpes to become infected with VIL; the fragments, through the destruction of the skin, are easier for the virus to penetrate into the body.
Parts of the manifestation of herpes, both oral and genital, may indicate the weakness of the immune system as a result of HIV infection.
15. The same thing is weakness
In the later stages of HIV infection, tingling and tingling in the arms and legs may occur. This is called peripheral neuropathy, which is also seen in people with uncontrolled diabetes.
16. Disruption of the menstrual cycle
In the late stage of HIV infection, there is a high degree of disruption and frequency of menstruation, which occurs not under the influx of infection, but under the influx of symptoms , for example, diarrhea, nausea.